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IBM Journal of Research and Development  
Volume 41, Number 4/5, Page 505 (1997)
IBM S/390 G3 and G4
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Standard-cell-based design methodology for high-performance support chips

by B. Kick, U. Baur, J. Koehl, T. Ludwig, T. Pflueger
We describe the methodology used for the design of a set of CMOS support chips used in the IBM S/390® Parallel Enterprise Server Generations 3 and 4. The logic design is based on functional units, and the majority of the logic is implemented by standard cell elements placed and routed flat, using timing-driven techniques. Custom library elements are used wherever needed for performance reasons. Using this approach, a density has been achieved that is comparable to those of contemporary custom designs, combined with very attractive turnaround times.
Related Subjects: CMOS; IBM System/390 Parallel Enterprise Server; Integrated circuit design; Large-scale computing; Microprocessor systems and applications